![]() ![]() Airflow and temperature are the most important parameters affecting the drying phenomenon, among several other factors. ( Citation2021a) reveals that a conduction mechanism could consolidate the innovations in solar drying techniques in the case of natural convective and direct-type dryers. Several factors are vital in designing or fabricating solar dryers: portable design, thermally efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Solar dryers primarily work on the combinations of these modes of heat transfer. Conduction, convection, and radiation are the three basic modes of heat transfer. The user needs to understand the drying requirements of the product before selecting and fabricating the solar dryer (Sharma, Chen, and Vu Lan Citation2009). There are two broad classifications of solar dryers based on airflow: the active type (forced convection) and the passive type (natural convection). Optimised by efficiency and working conditions, the dryers could help the farmers significantly enhance their revenue. Second, it has been observed that drying the products at optimal temperatures keeps the product’s nutritional value and makes it hygienic. The harvest could be of any form, whichever needs drying. First, it gives farmers a cheap and faster mechanism to dry the harvest. Several other factors make solar dryers more friendly to agriculture-based products. Henceforth, its usage is mainly confined to rural areas or lower-level business agricultural firms. The possible reason could be the efficiency of solar drying in comparison to other drying techniques. However, the potential of solar dryers remains untapped in big industries. for largescale drying of intermediate or final products. Industries, mainly big commercial manufacturers, include several dryers such as freeze, steam, spray, etc. Energy and exergy analysis could be very useful for understanding the efficiency of these processes (Pirasteh et al. There is considerable scope in understanding the solar drying potential, especially in industrial processes. It has vast industrial use potential in textile, waste sludge, wood, pharma, and cement industries. Today, the usage of solar dryers is not only limited to agricultural and farming products. Also, the drying phenomena depend on the product under observation. Several factors affect the drying performance of the solar dryer. Research is being carried out worldwide to find solutions for ensuring continuous drying through hybridisation. One of the major concerns is intermittency. Though open sun drying is used extensively, it also has some cons. Solar drying has been a traditional solution in most developing nations, primarily in rural areas. Drying is one of the major concerns for agricultural products. Solar thermal applications are one such example. Apart from power generation, there is a vast range of solar energy applications. Moreover, solar solutions have emerged as one of the most user-friendly technologies for energy generation. Among the several renewable sources, solar energy has emerged as one of the frontrunner solutions. In the twenty-first century, the whole world is in pursuit of sustainable innovations. Temperature difference between inlet and outlet of temperatureĮnergy consumed for running the fan or the blower (Watts) The lifespan range of solar dryers typically ranges between 10–25 years.Ĭost of fresh product per Kg of dried product The capital costs of solar dryers could range from 100- 2000 USD depending on the model of the dryer. GA-ANN and MATLAB/CFD-ANN have emerged as contemporary combinations for experimental modelling and validation. ![]() ![]() Modelling, Simulations, Environmental and Economic assessments are the most pertinent approaches that evolved in optimising solar dryers. ![]()
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